{"id":1294,"date":"2023-06-20T04:29:59","date_gmt":"2023-06-20T04:29:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lesindomptables.online\/?p=1294"},"modified":"2023-06-20T04:29:59","modified_gmt":"2023-06-20T04:29:59","slug":"les-membres-des-nations-unies-adoptent-le-tout-premier-traite-visant-a-proteger-la-vie-marine-en-haute-mer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lesindomptables.online\/index.php\/2023\/06\/20\/les-membres-des-nations-unies-adoptent-le-tout-premier-traite-visant-a-proteger-la-vie-marine-en-haute-mer\/","title":{"rendered":"Les membres des Nations unies adoptent le tout premier trait\u00e9 visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la vie marine en haute mer."},"content":{"rendered":"\n


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Les membres des Nations unies ont adopt\u00e9 lundi le tout premier trait\u00e9 visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la vie marine en haute mer. Le chef de l’ONU a salu\u00e9 cet accord historique qui donne \u00e0 l’oc\u00e9an \u00ab\u00a0une chance de survie\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s des 193 pays membres ont applaudi \u00e0 tout rompre, puis se sont lev\u00e9s pour une ovation prolong\u00e9e lorsque Rena Lee, ambassadrice de Singapour charg\u00e9e des questions oc\u00e9aniques, qui pr\u00e9sidait les n\u00e9gociations, a donn\u00e9 un coup de marteau apr\u00e8s n’avoir entendu aucune objection \u00e0 l’approbation du trait\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les oc\u00e9ans produisent la majeure partie de l’oxyg\u00e8ne que nous respirons et absorbent le dioxyde de carbone, ce qui les rend de plus en plus indispensables pour r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de carbone qui alimentent le r\u00e9chauffement de la plan\u00e8te. Pourtant, \u00e0 l’heure actuelle, seul 1 % des vastes zones oc\u00e9aniques est prot\u00e9g\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un trait\u00e9 visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la biodiversit\u00e9 dans les eaux situ\u00e9es au-del\u00e0 des fronti\u00e8res nationales, connues sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0haute mer\u00a0\u00bb et couvrant pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de la surface de la Terre, est \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude depuis plus de 20 ans, mais les efforts se sont heurt\u00e9s \u00e0 des obstacles r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9s jusqu’en mars. C’est alors que les d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s d’une conf\u00e9rence intergouvernementale \u00e9tablie par l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations unies se sont mis d’accord sur un trait\u00e9 qui a ensuite \u00e9t\u00e9 soumis \u00e0 un examen juridique et traduit dans les six langues officielles de l’ONU.
Le nouveau trait\u00e9 sera ouvert \u00e0 la signature le 20 septembre, lors de la r\u00e9union annuelle des dirigeants mondiaux \u00e0 l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, et entrera en vigueur d\u00e8s qu’il aura \u00e9t\u00e9 ratifi\u00e9 par 60 pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le trait\u00e9 cr\u00e9era un nouvel organe charg\u00e9 de g\u00e9rer la conservation de la vie oc\u00e9anique et d’\u00e9tablir des zones marines prot\u00e9g\u00e9es en haute mer. Il \u00e9tablit \u00e9galement des r\u00e8gles de base pour la r\u00e9alisation d’\u00e9tudes d’impact sur l’environnement pour les activit\u00e9s commerciales dans les oc\u00e9ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Antonio Guterres a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aux d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s que l’adoption du trait\u00e9 intervenait \u00e0 un moment crucial, les oc\u00e9ans \u00e9tant menac\u00e9s sur de nombreux fronts.
Le changement climatique perturbe les sch\u00e9mas m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et les courants oc\u00e9aniques, augmente les temp\u00e9ratures de la mer, \u00ab\u00a0et alt\u00e8re les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes marins et les esp\u00e8ces qui y vivent\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9, et la biodiversit\u00e9 marine \u00ab\u00a0est attaqu\u00e9e par la surp\u00eache, la surexploitation et l’acidification des oc\u00e9ans\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Plus d’un tiers des stocks de poissons sont exploit\u00e9s \u00e0 des niveaux non durables\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 le chef de l’ONU. \u00ab\u00a0Et nous polluons nos eaux c\u00f4ti\u00e8res avec des produits chimiques, des plastiques et des d\u00e9chets humains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M. Guterres a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le trait\u00e9 \u00e9tait essentiel pour faire face \u00e0 ces menaces et il a exhort\u00e9 tous les pays \u00e0 ne m\u00e9nager aucun effort pour s’assurer qu’il soit sign\u00e9 et ratifi\u00e9 d\u00e8s que possible, soulignant que \u00ab\u00a0c’est essentiel pour faire face aux menaces qui p\u00e8sent sur les oc\u00e9ans\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le trait\u00e9 \u00e9tablit \u00e9galement des principes de partage des \u00ab\u00a0ressources g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques marines\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9couvertes par les scientifiques dans les eaux internationales. Il s’agit l\u00e0 d’une revendication essentielle des pays en d\u00e9veloppement, qui ont insist\u00e9 sur le fait que les fruits de ces d\u00e9couvertes ne pouvaient pas \u00eatre contr\u00f4l\u00e9s uniquement par les pays plus riches ayant les moyens de financer des exp\u00e9ditions \u00e0 la recherche de nouveaux ingr\u00e9dients potentiellement lucratifs pour la m\u00e9decine et les cosm\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apr\u00e8s l’approbation du trait\u00e9, le Groupe des 77, la coalition de l’ONU compos\u00e9e de 134 pays principalement en d\u00e9veloppement et de la Chine, a parl\u00e9 d’un \u00ab\u00a0jour extr\u00eamement important pour la biodiversit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, se f\u00e9licitant d’avoir r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 obtenir le partage des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices dans le texte final ainsi qu’un financement pour aider \u00e0 la mise en \u0153uvre du trait\u00e9 lorsqu’il sera ratifi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’Alliance des petits \u00c9tats insulaires, dont certains membres craignent que le changement climatique et la mont\u00e9e des eaux n’an\u00e9antissent leur pays, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu’elle d\u00e9fendait un trait\u00e9 depuis des d\u00e9cennies et que son adoption aurait des implications consid\u00e9rables \u00ab\u00a0sur nos moyens de subsistance, nos cultures et nos \u00e9conomies\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Russie, quant \u00e0 elle, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu’elle \u00ab\u00a0se distan\u00e7ait du consensus sur le texte de l’accord\u00a0\u00bb, qu’elle a qualifi\u00e9 d'\u00a0\u00bbinacceptable\u00a0\u00bb et qui \u00ab\u00a0sape les dispositions des accords internationaux les plus importants, y compris la Convention des Nations unies sur le droit de la mer\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sergey Leonidchenko, qui dirige la section juridique de la mission russe, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 aux d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s que le trait\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0n’atteint pas un \u00e9quilibre raisonnable entre la conservation et l’utilisation durable des ressources de l’oc\u00e9an\u00a0\u00bb. \u00c0 titre d’exemple, il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que \u00ab\u00a0les contr\u00f4les et les \u00e9quilibres contre la politisation des aires marines de conservation n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le texte\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’adoption du trait\u00e9 fait suite \u00e0 un autre accord historique conclu par les gouvernements du monde entier \u00e0 Montr\u00e9al en d\u00e9cembre, qui comprend un engagement \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger 30 % des terres et des eaux consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme importantes pour la biodiversit\u00e9 d’ici \u00e0 2030, connu sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a030 pour 30\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rebecca Hubbard, directrice de la High Seas Alliance, qui repr\u00e9sente plus de 50 organisations non gouvernementales et l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature, a f\u00e9licit\u00e9 les pays \u00ab\u00a0d’avoir fait un pas de plus vers la mise en \u0153uvre de cet accord politique dans l’eau\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les pays doivent maintenant le ratifier le plus rapidement possible pour qu’il entre en vigueur et que nous puissions prot\u00e9ger nos oc\u00e9ans, renforcer notre r\u00e9sistance au changement climatique et pr\u00e9server la vie et les moyens de subsistance de milliards de personnes\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chris Thorne, de Greenpeace, a qualifi\u00e9 le trait\u00e9 de \u00ab\u00a0victoire pour toutes les formes de vie sur cette plan\u00e8te\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les conclusions scientifiques sont claire : nous devons prot\u00e9ger 30 % des oc\u00e9ans d’ici \u00e0 2030 pour leur donner une chance de se r\u00e9tablir et de prosp\u00e9rer\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les membres des Nations unies ont adopt\u00e9 lundi le tout premier trait\u00e9 visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la vie marine<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[445,446],"class_list":["post-1294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amerique","tag-onu","tag-traite-vie-marine"],"yoast_head":"\nLes membres des Nations unies adoptent le tout premier trait\u00e9 visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la vie marine en haute mer. - Les indomptables<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lesindomptables.online\/index.php\/2023\/06\/20\/les-membres-des-nations-unies-adoptent-le-tout-premier-traite-visant-a-proteger-la-vie-marine-en-haute-mer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Les membres des Nations unies adoptent le tout premier trait\u00e9 visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la vie marine en haute mer. - 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This was a great photographic opportunity as feeding usually enables you to get very close. As I approached the female and started snapping away, I realised she had a plastic bag in her mouth. Seemingly unable to eat, she was just nudging the jellyfish and was clearly in some distress. I put my camera away and tried to pull the bag from the turtle\u0092s mouth but it soon became apparent that the bag was stuck down her throat. As I realised this would require more force and held on to her shell, she was surprisingly calm. As she opened her mouth I was able to tug the bag free. The trouble with floating plastic bags is that they look just like jellyfish to an unsuspecting turtle. 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