{"id":2895,"date":"2024-10-05T12:33:55","date_gmt":"2024-10-05T12:33:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lesindomptables.online\/?p=2895"},"modified":"2024-10-05T12:33:56","modified_gmt":"2024-10-05T12:33:56","slug":"claudia-sheinbaum-la-transition-energetique-au-coeur-de-son-mandat-presidentiel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lesindomptables.online\/index.php\/2024\/10\/05\/claudia-sheinbaum-la-transition-energetique-au-coeur-de-son-mandat-presidentiel\/","title":{"rendered":"Claudia Sheinbaum : La Transition \u00c9nerg\u00e9tique au C\u0153ur de son Mandat Pr\u00e9sidentiel."},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Dans ses premiers jours en tant que pr\u00e9sidente du Mexique, Claudia Sheinbaum a marqu\u00e9 une rupture notable avec la politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur et mentor, Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador, en s’engageant \u00e0 relancer une transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique qu\u2019il avait suspendue. \u00ab\u00a0Nous allons promouvoir les \u00e9nergies renouvelables. L\u2019objectif est qu\u2019elles repr\u00e9sentent 45% de la production totale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 d\u2019ici 2030\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle d\u00e9clar\u00e9 mardi lors de son premier discours public sur la place du Zocalo \u00e0 Mexico, peu apr\u00e8s avoir pr\u00eat\u00e9 serment en tant que premi\u00e8re femme pr\u00e9sidente du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bien que les d\u00e9tails sp\u00e9cifiques de son plan restent flous, son discours refl\u00e8te un tournant radical par rapport \u00e0 la politique de L\u00f3pez Obrador, fervent d\u00e9fenseur des \u00e9nergies fossiles. Pendant son mandat, il a investi plus de 20 milliards de dollars dans la construction d’une nouvelle raffinerie de p\u00e9trole et suspendu les ench\u00e8res permettant aux d\u00e9veloppeurs de construire des fermes solaires et \u00e9oliennes dans le pays. La nouvelle pr\u00e9sidente a indiqu\u00e9 que dans les prochains jours, elle d\u00e9voilerait un \u00ab programme de transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique ambitieux \u00bb visant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre responsables du changement climatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cependant, Sheinbaum a \u00e9galement promis de renforcer la Commission F\u00e9d\u00e9rale d’\u00c9lectricit\u00e9 (CFE), qui poss\u00e8de des centrales principalement aliment\u00e9es par des combustibles fossiles, ainsi que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 p\u00e9troli\u00e8re nationale Pemex. Bien que peu de d\u00e9tails aient \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9s, des experts et des \u00e9cologistes ont soulign\u00e9 l\u2019importance du changement de ton.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0Les termes ‘durabilit\u00e9’ ou ‘\u00e9nergie renouvelable’ n\u2019apparaissaient jamais dans les politiques de L\u00f3pez Obrador\u00a0\u00bb, a expliqu\u00e9 Rosanety Barrios, ancienne responsable \u00e0 la Commission R\u00e9gulatrice de l’\u00c9nergie du Mexique. \u00ab\u00a0Il n\u2019a jamais utilis\u00e9 ces termes dans aucun discours ni document. Sheinbaum, en revanche, les mentionne constamment.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durant sa campagne, Sheinbaum avait promis \u00e0 plusieurs reprises de promouvoir les \u00e9nergies renouvelables pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la demande croissante en \u00e9lectricit\u00e9, en partie due \u00e0 la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures li\u00e9e au changement climatique. Son objectif de 45% d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 propre d\u2019ici 2030 est bien sup\u00e9rieur aux 24% atteints l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, selon le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9nergie. Si cet objectif est atteint, le Mexique reviendrait sur la voie des engagements de l’Accord de Paris, visant \u00e0 limiter l’augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature mondiale \u00e0 moins de deux degr\u00e9s Celsius par rapport aux niveaux pr\u00e9industriels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La politique \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de L\u00f3pez Obrador avait conduit l’organisation Climate Action Tracker \u00e0 classer le Mexique parmi les pays dont les actions sont \u00ab\u00a0critiquement insuffisantes\u00a0\u00bb pour respecter l’Accord de Paris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lors de son discours devant le Congr\u00e8s, la pr\u00e9sidente a \u00e9galement annonc\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re limitation de la production p\u00e9troli\u00e8re dans l\u2019histoire du pays, fix\u00e9e \u00e0 1,8 million de barils par jour, soit bien en de\u00e7\u00e0 des 2,6 millions promis par L\u00f3pez Obrador au d\u00e9but de son mandat. Elle a rappel\u00e9 que la r\u00e9forme \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de 2013, propos\u00e9e par l\u2019ancien pr\u00e9sident Enrique Pe\u00f1a Nieto, visait une production de 3 millions de barils par jour, qu\u2019elle a qualifi\u00e9e d\u2019\u00a0\u00bb\u00e9cologiquement impossible\u00a0\u00bb. \u00ab\u00a0Il est pr\u00e9f\u00e9rable de promouvoir l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 et les sources renouvelables\u00a0\u00bb, a-t-elle affirm\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pourtant, Sheinbaum a aussi promis de \u00ab\u00a0renforcer Pemex\u00a0\u00bb et n’a jamais critiqu\u00e9 la construction de la nouvelle raffinerie de Dos Bocas, s’y \u00e9tant rendue \u00e0 plusieurs reprises avec L\u00f3pez Obrador.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les experts s’accordent \u00e0 dire que le Mexique ne pourra pas augmenter sa production p\u00e9troli\u00e8re par des m\u00e9thodes traditionnelles, car ses champs p\u00e9troliers s\u2019\u00e9puisent. \u00ab\u00a0Le Mexique dispose de dix ans de r\u00e9serves de p\u00e9trole \u00e0 son rythme actuel de production, qui est modeste. Le pays est presque \u00e0 court de p\u00e9trole\u00a0\u00bb, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Adrian Fernandez, directeur de l’Initiative Climat Mexique et titulaire d\u2019un doctorat en sciences environnementales du Imperial College de Londres. Toutefois, Fernandez a salu\u00e9 les propos de Sheinbaum, \u00ab\u00a0car cela signifie qu’elle ne cherchera pas \u00e0 augmenter la production p\u00e9troli\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atteindre cet objectif n\u00e9cessiterait des investissements consid\u00e9rables dans la fracturation hydraulique ou l’exploration en eaux profondes, deux m\u00e9thodes que le Mexique a jusqu’\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent rejet\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u2019engagement de Sheinbaum en faveur des \u00e9nergies renouvelables semble coh\u00e9rent avec son parcours acad\u00e9mique et professionnel. La nouvelle pr\u00e9sidente d\u00e9tient un doctorat en ing\u00e9nierie \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et des dipl\u00f4mes en physique, et a fait partie du panel d’experts de l’ONU sur le changement climatique qui a remport\u00e9 le prix Nobel en 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cette semaine, Sheinbaum a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9e aux ravages que le changement climatique inflige au Mexique. Mercredi, lors de son premier d\u00e9placement en tant que chef d’\u00c9tat, elle s’est rendue \u00e0 Acapulco pour \u00e9valuer les d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par l\u2019ouragan John, une temp\u00eate renforc\u00e9e par le r\u00e9chauffement des oc\u00e9ans. La ville, encore en train de se remettre des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts caus\u00e9s par l’ouragan Otis l\u2019ann\u00e9e derni\u00e8re, a subi d’importantes destructions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La grande question demeure toutefois de savoir si la nouvelle pr\u00e9sidente pourra r\u00e9aliser ses objectifs dans le cadre l\u00e9gal actuel. Avant de quitter ses fonctions, L\u00f3pez Obrador avait fait adopter une r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle favorisant fortement la CFE. D’un c\u00f4t\u00e9, Sheinbaum a soutenu cette r\u00e9forme et promis que l’\u00c9tat conserverait 54% du contr\u00f4le de la production d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. De l’autre, elle a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 qu\u2019elle encouragerait \u00e0 nouveau les investissements priv\u00e9s dans les \u00e9nergies renouvelables, que le gouvernement pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent avait d\u00e9courag\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 mon avis, le plus grand d\u00e9fi pour Claudia est l\u2019incertitude juridique\u00a0\u00bb, a conclu Barrios.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans ses premiers jours en tant que pr\u00e9sidente du Mexique, Claudia Sheinbaum a marqu\u00e9 une rupture notable avec<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[1012],"class_list":["post-2895","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amerique-du-nord","tag-claudia-sheinbaum-la-transition-energetique-au-coeur-de-son-mandat-presidentiel"],"yoast_head":"\nClaudia Sheinbaum : La Transition \u00c9nerg\u00e9tique au C\u0153ur de son Mandat Pr\u00e9sidentiel. - Les indomptables<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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